Piping Abbreviations
by
Lance Williams
AAR-- Association of American Railroads
AGA-- American Gas Association
AISI-- American Iron & Steel Institute
ANSI-- American National Standards Institute — Formerly ASA
API-- American Petroleum Institute
ASA-- American Standard Institute — Now known as ANSI
ASM-- American Society for Metals
ASME-- American Society of Mechanical Engineers
A
Thermocouple
by
Charlie Douglous
A thermocouple consists of two electrical conductors of different materials connected at one end called hot junction. The two free ends build a compensation point. The thermocouple can be extended by using an extension cable. The extension or compensating cables are connected to a measuring instrument, e.g. a galvanometer or electronic measuring un
Advantages of Resistance themperature detectors RTD
by
Charlie Douglous
Resistance themperature detectors can be used over a temperature range of -220 °C to +600 °C.
Advantages of RTD:
• High temperature ranges
• Resistance to vibration
• High immunity to electrical interference
• Long-term stability
• Robust design
• High accuracy
Resistance thermometers are used in the following industries:
• Chemical in
Advantages of Resistance themperature detectors RTD
by
Charlie Douglous
Resistance themperature detectors can be used over a temperature range of -220 °C to +600 °C.
Advantages of RTD:
• High temperature ranges
• Resistance to vibration
• High immunity to electrical interference
• Long-term stability
• Robust design
• High accuracy
Resistance thermometers are used in the following industries:
• Chemical in
Resistance Temperature Detectors
by
Charlie Douglous
Resistance Temperature Detectors works on property possessed by all conductors and semiconductors, that their resistance varies as a function of temperature. This property is more or less pronounced, depending on the particular material. The relative change in the resistance as a function of temperature (dR/dt) is known as the temperature coefficie
Process Control
by
Charlie Douglous
In order to produce a product with consistently high quality, tight process control is necessary. A simple-to-understand example of process control would be the supply of water to a number of cleaning stations, where the water temperature needs to be kept constant in spite of the demand. A simple control block is shown in Figure "a", steam and cold
Instrumentation
by
Charlie Douglous
Instrumentation is the basis for process control in industry. However, it comes in many forms from domestic water heaters and HVAC, where the variable temperature is measured and used to control gas, oil, or electricity flow to the water heater, or heating system, or electricity to the compressor for refrigeration, to complex industrial process con
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