Nature and Composition of Crude Oil
by
Lance Williams
Crude oils are often classified into asphalt-base, paraffin-base, and mixed-base, depending on whether they contain asphalt, wax, or a mixture of both in the distillation residue. They are also referred to as crude oils of Coastal, Pennsylvania, and Mid-Continent types, respectively.
The refiner often classifies crude oils into nonlubricatin
Crude-oil Substitutes
by
Lance Williams
Petroleum is the cheapest but not the only possible source of liquid fuels in this country. Petroleum substitutes can be obtained from tar sands, large beds of which are to be found in the West and in western Canada, and by extraction from coal and from oil shale deposits, which are extensive in Colorado and other Rocky Mountain states. Shale depos
Natural-gas Liquids
by
Lance Williams
Petroleum products as they are termed may also be supplied in whole or in part from natural gas. The liquids extracted from gas constitute an important supplement to our petroleum resources. Today they are about one-tenth the volume of the crude oil taken from the ground. The total quantity of natural gas produced in the United States in 1954 was 1
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